Finally, I argue for the possibility that Cyprian’s work influenced Augustine’s mature thinking on grace. I next turn to evaluate the material basis for Augustine’s appeal to Cyprian, showing that Cyprian does indeed support Augustine’s case against a more “Pelagian view of grace in three major areas. First, I show that this appeal offered obvious strategic advantages, which may help to explain why Augustine cited Cyprian by name more than he did any other author from the early church, excepting only the apostle Paul. The following article assesses the validity and significance of Augustine’s appeal to Cyprian. In this text, Augustine claims, one finds an unambiguous precedent for his controversial teaching. These two groups of unprinted texts, both of which were clandestine to greater or lesser degrees, evince a set of practices and attitudes that not only contrast with those that were and are still somewhat associated with the press, including standardization, dissemination, democratization, fixity, and economic gain, but also with the characteristics and uses commonly associated with the manuscript, or what could be called manuscript culture.īeginning in the second phase of the Pelagian controversy, Augustine repeatedly refers to Cyprian’s little work on the Lord’s Prayer to defend his perspective on grace. The creation of meaning was not derived solely from the patient digestion of words or from the careful parsing of sentences, but from a belief that the material was capable of transforming their users and the world around them. Both sets of manuscripts challenge the notion that reading necessarily involves hermeneutics, and the idea that books convey meaning only through the act of reading. Typically studied separately, both types of magic manuscripts include some of the texts that went unprinted during the early modern period because they more easily achieved their desired impact in handwritten form, were inappropriate for the press, or were altogether prohibited. This study draws on a selection of early modern manuscripts that contain magic texts that circulated among either Christians or Moriscos to examine how manuscript texts used in spiritual and magic ways challenge notions of reading. La vida de Cebrià d'Antioquia, un mag que va fer un pacte amb Per bé que en el món no cristià abundaven els bruixots i els nigromants, i que la màgia era severament controlada i fins i tot prohibida per l'autoritat en temps de l'Imperi, a la literatura cristiana tenia un important paper com a representació de l'error en oposició a la veritat dels Apòstols que feien miracles. Algunes d'aquestes obres expressaven el conflicte entre monoteisme i les pràctiques populars que pretenien controlar el món de la natura a través de la màgia. Mitjançant relats de miracles i màgia, presentaven l'oposició entre veritat i falsedat. Resum: Als inicis del cristianisme, juntament amb les controvèrsies teològiques i la construcció d'un discurs racional, van aparèixer altres narracions en forma d'actes, vides de sants o novel The legend survived in the Middle Ages and probably influenced the myth of Faust. It is a tale of magic and power, where the most important feature is not the conversion and martyrdom of both characters, but the statement that Christ and the sign of the Cross are more powerful than any magic. The life of Cyprian of Antioch, a magician who dealt with the devil, and the pious Justina, who refused his diabolical advances, was popular in Late Antiquity and was rewritten as a poem by the Empress Eudocia in the 5 th century. Although sorcerers and necromancers existed in the non-Christian world, and magic was severely controlled or even forbidden by the authorities in Imperial times, in Christian literature they played an important role as representing error in front of the truth of the Apostles who performed miracles. Some of these expressed the conflict between monotheism and the popular practices which tried to control the world of nature through magic. They dealt with the opposition between truth and falsehood through tales of miracles and magic. In the beginnings of Christianism, together with theological controversies and the construction of a rational discourse, other narratives appeared which took the form of Acts, Lives of Saints or novels.
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